Berliner Abendpost - Church bells, strikes mark year since Greece's worst train crash

Trains, ferries, taxis and the metro came to a virtual standstill at midnight across the country to commemorate the head-on collision on February 28, 2023 that prompted mourning and days of angry protests that blamed official failings and an unsafe rail system for the tragedy.

A definitive account of what happened and who may be at fault has not been delivered, with investigators in an official enquiry not due to finish questioning until March 8.

"One year on, we are back on the streets to shout that we do not forget," said civil servants' union Adedy. "Those responsible for the tragedy have still not answered for their criminal acts."

The bells of every church in the country tolled in the morning 57 times -- once for every victim -- to mark "this national trauma" and "collective failure" that came after "human error inevitably met with persistent state failure", Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said in a statement, vowing that those responsible would be brought to justice.

Greek civil servants said they would stage a 24-hour walkout with other unions, including air traffic controllers, taxi drivers and public transport workers, who are also protesting at the high cost of living.

Marches to mark the disaster were held across the country.

A memorial service for those lost was held on Sunday, and relatives plan to gather at the crash site on Wednesday.

The disaster struck when a freight train and a passenger train with over 350 people aboard -- mostly students -- collided near a tunnel near Tempi, north of the central city of Larissa.

Passengers described being trapped among smashed carriages and burning debris as the train keeled over. They broke windows to try to escape.

The flames left many bodies charred beyond recognition and one missing woman was never found.

The tragedy prompted three days of national mourning and mass protests in several cities, with demonstrators hurling rocks at the offices of the railway's Italian-owned operating company, Hellenic Train.

But nearly four months later, the conservative government was comfortably re-elected.

In an interview with AFP, Maria Karystianou, who lost her 19-year-old daughter in the crash, said she had "no faith" in Greek justice and would submit her case to the European Court of Human Rights.

Though 34 railway employees and officials face possible charges over the disaster, a trial isn't expected to start before June.

- Allegations of illegal cargo -

Relatives have appointed their own experts to the case, arguing that official investigators wasted time and overlooked vital evidence.

At a press conference on Monday, the relatives' committee of experts said state officials had failed to look into the causes of an intense fire that broke out just after the crash.

"At least five of the 57 people died as a result of this fire," said committee member Giorgos Vlasopoulos.

Karystianou has said there was a "huge" explosion after the collision that gave rescuers chemical burns.

"It is certain the freight train was carrying illegal cargo. We've found substances used to adulterate fuel," she told AFP.

In a speech at the European Parliament this month, she said the government had "tried to tamper with and cover up incriminating evidence".

Potentially valuable CCTV footage was erased two weeks after the disaster without being assessed, and the site was bulldozed and paved over just days after the crash, the family experts said.

Mitsotakis promised one year ago that the tragedy would be "fully" investigated.

"Everything shows that the drama was, sadly, mainly due to a tragic human error," Mitsotakis said in a televised address after visiting the disaster site.

He later apologised for the accident and said he would improve Greece's railway safety.

- Railway plagued by problems -

The transport minister then in charge, Kostas Karamanlis, told a parliamentary committee of inquiry this month that on-duty staff were to blame.

Karamanlis, who resigned and was later re-elected as a member of parliament, argued that even automated systems would not necessarily have averted the accident "because these systems need people to operate them".

Safety improvements have since begun but are proceeding slowly and in sections. Campaigners say several failings that led to the disaster remain uncorrected.

Experts have warned that for decades, Greece's 2,552-kilometre (1,585-mile) rail network has been plagued by mismanagement, poor maintenance and obsolete equipment.

"The Tempi catastrophe was the result of state negligence and general corruption, not human error," Lysimachos Papazoglou, who lost his 22-year-old son, told reporters on Monday.

E.Fritsch--BlnAP